Friday, December 27, 2019

A Conversation Between John The Savage And Mustapha Mond

â€Å"But the tears are necessary. Don’t you remember what Othello said? ‘If after every tempest came such calms, may the winds blow till they have wakened death.’ There’s a story one of the old Indians used to tell us, about the Girl of Mataski. The young men who wanted to marry her had to do a morning’s hoeing in her garden. It seemed easy; but there were flies and mosquitoes, magic ones. Most of the young men simply cannot stand the biting and stinging. But the one that could-he got the girl.† â€Å"Charming! But in civilized countries,† said the Controller, â€Å"you can have girls without hoeing for them; and there aren’t any flies or mosquitoes to sting you. We got rid of them all centuries ago.† (pg. 238) This is a conversation between John the Savage and Mustapha Mond. John is describing a story from the reservation about how working hard and suffering has an impact on the person’s appreciation of a reward. Using this story, John tries to tackle the soma problem he notices within the Brave New World, stating that if one works hard enough, their reward will be fulfilling. By telling this story to Mond, John wants him to try to gain a new understanding of the value of hard work and realize that there is a problem with how soma is treated in this society. Mond completely misses the lesson that was to be learned by children, that hard work and sacrifice is more valuable to oneself than the reward received from the harsh actions they have experienced. In John’s mind, this story isShow MoreRelatedA Conversation Between John The Savage And Mustapha Mond2326 Words   |  10 Pagesrid of them all centuries ago.† (pg. 238) This is a conversation between John the Savage and Mustapha Mond. John is describing a story from the reservation about how working hard and suffering has an impact on the person’s appreciation of a reward. Using this story, John tries to tackle the soma problem he notices within the Brave New World, stating that if one works hard enough, their reward will be fulfilling. By telling this story to Mond, John wants him to try to gain a new understanding of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley2427 Words   |  10 Pagesfreedom. John Savage, the central character, challenges the World State by arguing individualism over collectivism which creates the conflict in the novel. Huxley produces this struggle by having the World State’s totalitarian control over society clash with John Savage’s choice to be an individual. This is shown through John Savage and Bernard s constant struggle to think and be individuals, the use of soma by the State, and the philosophica l conversation between John Savage and Mustapha Mond thatRead MoreBrave New World Theme Analysis Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesGod isnt compatible with machinery and scientific medicine and universal happiness. So says Mustapha Mond, the World Controller for Western Europe in Aldous Huxleys novel Brave New World. In doing so, he highlights a major theme in this story of a Utopian society. Although the people in this modernized world enjoy no disease, effects of old age, war, poverty, social unrest, or any other infirmities or discomforts, Huxley asks is the price they pay really worth the benefits? This novelRead MoreEssay on Analysis of major characters in 19841116 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Major Characters John - Although Bernard Marx lt;javascript:CharacterWindow(http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bravenew/terms/char_2.html, 0b1405ef1f, 500);gt; is the primary character in Brave New World up until his visit with Lenina lt;javascript:CharacterWindow(http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bravenew/terms/char_4.html, 55db940fc2, 500);gt; to the Reservation, after that point he fades into the background and John becomes the central protagonist. John first enters the story as heRead More`` Brave New World `` By Aldous Huxley Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome. He loathes John for his barbaric characteristics. Yet, Marx has to use the Savage to maintain his popularity. Marx is trapped in a world which he tried so hard but failed to fit in. From his imagination, he fought his boss. But in reliality, he begged to not to be send to an island and blamed the fault to John and Watson. He critizes Lenina for taking soma. Yet, he takes soma to aviod his problems occasionally. He is a complex and controdictive character who struggles between his herotic thoughtsRead MoreThe Place I Am Referencing Is The World State From Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1483 Words   |  6 Pagesincompatibility of social stability and truth by illustrating the constant struggle between valuing one or the other in order to achieve a world without conflict. The most prominent solution the World State leaders have for social instability is the drug soma. It is a drug that clouds any negative emotions and replaces them with joyful hallucinations that take you on a so-called â€Å"holiday† from reality. Mustapha Mond, the Resident World Controller of Western Europe, believes that soma is the reasonRead More Brave New World Theme Analysis Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;God isnt compatible with machinery and scientific medicine and universal happiness.quot; So says Mustapha Mond, the World Controller for Western Europe in Aldous Huxleys novel Brave New World. In doing so, he highlights a major theme in this story of a Utopian society. Although the people in this modernized world enjoy no disease, effects of old age, war, poverty, social unrest, or any other infirmities or discomforts, Huxley asks is the price they payRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1334 Words   |  6 PagesWidely considered ahead of its time, Brave New World is one of the most influential novels regarding the destructive outcome of genetic and public manipulation through regime control. The story contrasts two worlds: the traditional world where the â€Å"savages† reside and the new World State: a negative utopia where unrestrained sexual freedom, reproductive technology, and mind numbing drugs run rampant. Aldous Huxley was born in England, July 26, 1894 to an elite family of revered social status (â€Å"Aldous†)Read MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthe good of society. Throughout the novel, there are multiple examples of these methods in action. Whether it be through the use of soma for distracting oneself, or how the citizens of New London interact with each other due to the caste system. Mond, being one of the World State controllers and leader of New London, stresses that in order for a society to function, stability is a requirement. The use of preconditioning is necessary for the good of society, due to how creating identical twinsRead More Story Summary of Brave New World Essays1457 Words   |  6 Pageswhispering voice is heard repeating a lesson in â€Å"Elementary Class Consciousness.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Outside, the Director shows the boys hundreds of naked children engaged in sexual play and games like â€Å"Centrifugal Bumble-puppy.† Mustapha Mond, one of the ten World Controllers, introduces himself to the boys and begins to explain the history of the World State. Meanwhile, inside the Hatchery, Lenina Crowne chats in the bathroom with Fanny Crowne about her relationship with Henry Foster

Thursday, December 19, 2019

University Of Wisconsin La Crosse Student Life - 1298 Words

Introduction According to the U.S. News and World Report article, University of Wisconsin La Crosse Student Life, 10,558 students are enrolled at the University of Wisconsin La Crosse; of those students, only 36 percent, or 3,800 students live in college owned, operated, or affiliated housing (U.S. News and World Report). The demand for off campus college rentals is explained by the 6,738 students all seeking a place to live. Students are always looking for certain amenities to be included with the maximum price they are willing to pay for rent. The possible amenities are social atmosphere, utilities included, WIFI, parking, or proximity to campus. Students seek freedom when coming to college; first, from their parents, then the rules†¦show more content†¦The results of our survey will prove three sixty’s assumptions and show the trade offs students face when looking for a rental property. The result suggest the best average rental would be a house nine blocks away from campus wit h parking, laundry, air conditioning and wifi included at a maximum price of $359 a month. Through the responses of our target population, we learned the foremost expectations to a college student when searching for off campus housing. Whether it be the preferred cost of rentals, the location, the desired amenities, or the satisfaction of their realtor, this data provides a better understanding (Brock what do you think, needed a vote to keep or delete) of these trade offs of the college housing market. With our survey responses we conducted test to discover the trade offs for the good, better, best amenity and the importance of the three p’s; parking, proximity and price. Methods The target population was college students; both off campus renters and those living in the dorms. We surveyed 800 students through email. We utilized Qualtrics to create the survey and distribute it via email on a Sunday night, asking them to complete the survey. We emailed a reminder the following Wednesday to all of the students who had not yet completed the survey. This population lets us achieve our objectives because this population consists of students

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Denial-of-Service

Questions: 1. What are the common tools used for Denial-of-Service? 2. How does a Virus spread? 3. What is a Buffer-Overflow attack? Answers: 1. The DoS attack usually consists of the efforts to do the momentarily interrupt of the services of the host computer connected to the internet (Distributed Denial of Services Attack Defense Using Proxy and Routing Algorithm, 2012). The two common tools used for the Denial of Services (DoS) attack are described: TFN and TFN2K: Tribal Flood Network which is known as TFN and the other TFN2K are not used as tools which is used to carry out the DDos. TFN and TFN2K perform the various attacks. Some of them are UDP flood attacks, TCP SYN flood attacks and ICMP flood attacks. It works like: The master gives the instruction to the agents to attack the list of the chosen target. The agent reacts by flooding the target with the storm of packets. There are some of the safety features that complicate the development of the efficient and the effective countermeasures of TFN2K. Communications of both the master to-agent and the attacks of themselves is sent by the randomized TCP, ICMP and the UDP packets. In spoofing the master falsify the IP address. The communication of the master to- agent are encrypted and mixed with a few number of decoy packets. Stacheldraht: It is a DDoS attack tool which combines the features of the Trinoo DDoS tool with the code which acts as source from the TFN DDoS attack tool. It performs the variety of the attacks which includes the UDP flood, TCP SYN flood, Smurf attacks and the ICMP flood. It enables and automatically detects the forgery of the source address (VivinSandar and Shenai, 2012). 2. Virus is the computer program which does the self replication. Viruses also have some of the other unpleasant functions among them self explicative and the rapid spread are the main thing of the virus. There are two ways through which the virus spread (Schmallenberg virus continuing to spread, says EFSA, 2012). In the first way it can simply scan the computer to get the connection of the network to get copy itself to the other computer which is present in the network through which the user computer gets the access. It is the most effective way for the virus to get spread (Sedwick, 2012). In this method there is the need of the skill of the programming rather than the other methods. The most frequent method is to get access of the email address and the email also to everyone of the address book (Friedman, 2010). The other method is the most common method for doing the propagation of the virus, and the Microsoft Outlook become the one email program which often hits with the virus attacks. For instance, a programmer write the application program me which access the word document, use the outlook to automatic the email resulting in the document to the interested parties and also import the excel spreadsheet(Mishra, n.d.). The majority of the virus attack spread by gets attached to the existing email address of the users, the recent outburst of the virus use the some other methods for doing the propagation. The other virus propagation method is by simply copying itself across the network. The outbreak of the virus spreads through the multiple routes which are become more common (Lussenhop, 2011). 3. An exploit which takes the advantages of the program that is waiting on the input of the users. The two main types of the attacks of the buffer overflow are: heap based and the stack based. The program becomes exploited uses the memory object which is known as stack to store the user input. In the stack based overrun, the program gets exploited which uses the memory object as a stack to store the user input (Gupta, 2012). In the normal case the stack remains empty up to when the programs needed the user input. In the heap based attacks the food of the memory space gets reserved for the program, in which the difficulty involved the performing such that the attacks create them rare. In the buffer overflow protection it refers to the some of the various methods which is used in the development of the software to improve the security of the program which are going to be executed by doing the detection of the buffer overflows on the stack allocated variables and also prevent them from causing the program misbehavior (WANG, WEI and LI, 2012). There are some of the implementations of the prevention of the buffer protection of the overflow which includes the GNU Compiler Collection, Microsoft visual studio, LLVM and the other compiler (Murugan and Alagarsamy, 2011). References Distributed Denial of Services Attack Defense Using Proxy and Routing Algorithm. (2012). IJACT, 4(14), pp.526-533. Friedman, S. (2010). How does the virus spread?. GeoJournal, 77(4), pp.449-449. Gupta, S. (2012). Buffer Overflow Attack. IOSRJCE, 1(1), pp.10-23. Lussenhop, C. (2011). Watching a Virus Begin Its Attack. Physics, 4. Mishra, U. (n.d.). How Do Viruses Attack Anti-Virus Programs. SSRN Journal. Murugan, P. and Alagarsamy, D. (2011). Buffer Overflow Attack Vulnerability in Stack. International Journal of Computer Applications, 13(5), pp.1-2. Schmallenberg virus continuing to spread, says EFSA. (2012). Veterinary Record, 171(23), pp.579-579. Sedwick, C. (2012). Lipids in HIV's Envelope Help the Virus to Spread. PLoS Biol, 10(4), p.e1001316. VivinSandar, S. and Shenai, S. (2012). Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) in Cloud Services using HTTP and XML based DDoS Attacks. International Journal of Computer Applications, 41(20), pp.11-16. WANG, L., WEI, G. and LI, Z. (2012). Research of defense scheme against buffer overflow attack in embedded system. Journal of Computer Applications, 32(12), pp.3449-3452.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essay Example For Students

The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essay Did the Roman Empire deserve to Fall?NoThe achievements of the Roman Empire were unmatched at its time. Many things it accomplished are ideas and ways of life that did not become widespread until after its fall. The Roman Empire would have made the advancement of people in Europe much faster. The Roman Empire was the most modern ancient empire. It made many advancements in the arts and sciences. It had many great poets, philosophers, artists, and engineers. The Romans encouraged learning and supported any who endeavored to make discoveries or technological improvement. If the Roman Empire had not fallen, the world, from a scientific stand point would be very different today. The Roman Empire would have made discoveries and scientific advancements before the Dark Ages. During the Dark Ages no scientific studies or appreciation of the arts took place. For almost an entire millennium humans made no advancements. The barbarians, who destroyed Rome, destroyed it to take its wealth not its knowledge. The knowledge that was lost was not resurrected until the Renaissance. Technological improvement was at a standstill. If the Roman empire had lasted, Europe would not have fallen into that dark period. Rome would have kept modernizing. Today, we could be at a technological level we may not reach for many years. The Romans made advancements in the field of medicine. Today we could have had cures for many diseases had the empire not fallen. We will write a custom essay on The Fall Of The Roman Empire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Roman empire was a democracy. It was one of the first of its kind. It could have stood as a model for all the kingdoms and monarchies across the world. Human rights were existent at Rome hundreds of years before any other place around the world. The Roman people were represented in their government and had power. Many people around the world who were persecuted under dictators and monarchies could have looked at Rome as an example of what a better form of government is. It took the rest of the world more than another millennia to form another democracy. The Roman Government had three parts. These three parts used a system of checks and balances just as a modern democracy does today. The first government to adopt this system since Rome was England, when it adopted its two houses of parliament. After the fall of Rome, anarchy took place in the parts of Europe that it occupied. During this anarchy, civilization deteriorated to its most basic level. People had to fight for survival a nd trial wars ravaged the populous. Culture was absent and the standard of living was horrible. This period of chaos would not have occurred if the Roman Empire had continued to exist. Europe would not have fallen behind other nations such as the Arabs and Orientals in technological advancement. These cultures were far more advanced than European culture during the Middle Ages(1). YesRome is famous for its legions. They were the supreme fighting force in those days. The military deteriorated toward the end of the empire. The soldiers in the army were loyal to their own personal general and not the emperor. They began to fight for their general and not their country. They were not motivated by patriotism, rather by money. This led to the hiring of mercenaries instead of patriotic troops fighting for their country. The corruption of the generals also affected the army. The generals fought for whoever would pay them the most. They felt no connection to the empire or obligation to defend it. They were seeking their own personal gain. This is a reason for the fall of Rome. Its military no longer defended it against foreign threats. .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f , .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .postImageUrl , .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f , .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:hover , .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:visited , .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:active { border:0!important; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:active , .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ed1c2d074b015c542edfef617d2118f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Defining and Achieving Success EssayThe Roman Empires government was originally set up as a government for a city state. The empire became too large for it to be able to control itself. The system of government became ineffective for such a large empire. Te government could not keep track of itself. This led to corruption and the deterioration of the administration in the bureaucratic process. Poor leaders took the place of honest and righteous men. When the empire was invaded by the barbarians, the empire lacked the leadership in order to reassert itself and rebuild. This may have prevented Rome from being totally wiped out in the West(excluding Constantinople and Byzanti um)(2). The Fall of Rome is in part due to the fall of the economy. When Rome was successful and constantly conquering other nations, it had enough capital to finance its expenses. This was due to the extra money it received from the conquered nations. When the military declined, other nations stopped paying tribute and taxes. This led to the Roman government not having enough funds to support itself. Roads, bridges, and law enforcement declined. This led to a decrease of trade. This caused a chain reaction which led to the fall of the rest of the economy. Once the government was too much in debt, it no longer had a working economy. All of the small landowners lost their land to wealthy big landowners. This placed a large amount of land into the hands of a few(3). The depopulation occurring toward the end of the empire had a drastic effect on the empire. The result was less industry, a shortage of farmers, and a shortage of candidates for the army. The shortage of industry led to Romans importing goods rather than exporting or being self-sufficient. This led an imbalance of trade that was negative. The shortage of farmers led to Romans depending on foreign nations for food, a basic staple of life. The military was reduced because there was not enough people keep up the same number of people who enlisted. This shortage of people was brought on by a few factors. Familial limitation was a rising trend in Roman life. Infanticide rates went up at a staggering pace. Oriental customs which involved eunuchs were increasing in frequency. Disease, constant war, and revolution also were factors(4). As foreign invasions started to reach near the capital, the capital city of Rome was moved. The capital was moved many times and this caused a break in the unity of the administration. The people of Rome could not be unified under a constantly moving capital. People need to be able to concentrate on one point. They lost their basic care for Rome as the center of the empire kept changing. The people did not feel a connection to Rome. When the people of a nation do not care about the nation as a whole, it will fall apart. The Roman Empire had to be on constant guard from the barbarians that lived on the fringes of the empire. These barbarians formed a constant threat for invading Rome. Rome defended against these barbarians for hundreds of years. The romans let their guard up for only just a little bit of time and the barbarians took their chance. It is not possible that the Romans would be capable of defending against the barbarian threat forever. The barbarians were multiplying faster than Romans were. Proportionally they were getting stronger than the Romans over time. It was just a matter of time before Rome eventually fell. Rome was incapable of defending itself at its end. A reason for that is that Rome had too much to lose by fighting the barbarians. They had nothing to gain by fighting battles that merely led to the deaths of troops and no plunder to take from the barbarians. The barbarians had nothing to lose except for their lives. The Romans were outnumbered by the barbarians. Barbarian tribes completely surrounded the Roman Empire. Rome could not hope to defeat such a great number of foes. The more barbarians that died the more barbarians came to take the place those that died. The barbarians completely overwhelmed the Roman legions. No empire could have defended against the barbarians with anything short of a miracle. Rome was fighting a so-called war of attrition. Its resources and manpower kept dwindling to a point where it could no longer defend itself. By the time the fall of the Roman Empire occurred, the corruption in the government was very widespread. There was a new emperor every few ye ars, the senators were picked by bribes and not by votes, elected officials were selfish and not looking out for the benefit of the people. .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 , .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .postImageUrl , .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 , .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:hover , .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:visited , .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:active { border:0!important; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:active , .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7 .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64dce091f832626142e601b994d9dde7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Involvement with Nontraditional Parents and Famili EssayEnd Notes1)Anatole G. Mazour and John M Peoples, World History: People and Nations( Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1993), 168-169. 2)Anatole G. Mazour and John M Peoples, World History: People and Nations ( Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1993), 171. 3)Anatole G. Mazour and John M Peoples, World History: People and Nations ( Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1993), 171. 4)Will Durant, Caesar and Christ ( Simon and Schuster Inc., 1944), 665-667. BibliographyBibliographyAnatole G. Mazour and John M.. Peoples. World History: People and Nations( Florida: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1993). Durant. Will. Caesar and Christ. NY: Simon and Schuster Inc.1944. Skipknox, E.L. History of Western Civilization: Rome. Available http://history.idbsu.edu/westciv/fallrome/01.htm , September 7,1997. American History Essays