Lorex Pharmaceuticals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lorex Pharmaceuticals - Essay ExampleThis essay discusses that Lorex Pharmaceuticals has unquestionable and holds all patent rights to Linatol, a new full(prenominal) blood bosom medicine. Since the pharmaceutical industry operates in a monopolistically competitive atmosphere (where no specific pharmaceutical company dominates the commercialize), the patent-holder of a new fruit can have considerable marketplace advantage over other companies. Lorex pharmaceutical is therefore pursuit solutions to optimize this competitive advantage by balancing cost, productivity, and quality with regards to the production of Linatol. To reach this end, the managers of Lorex Pharmaceuticals must chink and select a target amount to which each of the 10-ounce bottles of the product would be filled. This task takes into status ii issues 1) Specifying higher fill targets will lead to higher material cost but fewer seconds, and 2) custom of the one-standard-deviation rule can cause production delays. Using tests to determine the optimal fill-line, it has been established that 10.17-ounce mark would endpoint in optimal production and maximum returns. Since probability analysis is only suggestive and the accuracy increases with samples size, it is recommended that more than tests be conducted to reach more accurate results. Quality arrogance managers of Lorex Pharmaceuticals must determine and select a target amount to which each of the 10 ounce bottles of Linatol, a new high blood pressure medicine, would be filled. ... The pharmaceutical industry is ever changing, as can be seen from the many changes in the construction of markets and organizations that occur over the years. Competition in the industry is intense, which means that mergers, acquisitions, etc. are not uncommon.In the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S., there is an extreme contrast between a specific products market during patent enforcement (where a patent holder may control over 80 percent of the pro ducts market and can charge premium prices) and after the patent expires (where market control is reduced to about 30 percent because of the many sellers and buyers that soon emerge after patent expiration).Lorex Pharmaceuticals has developed Linatol, a new high blood pressure medicine, and the company holds all patents right to it. A company that develops a new do drugs has the potential to realize very large profits. Decisions in manufacturing budgets and product specifications influence the capacity of a particular proposition product line. These, in turn influence the productivity and actual profit of the company. Thus, manufacturers must take into consideration the cost and quality factors that go into production. It is not unusual for companies to pursue trade-offs in cost, productivity, and efficiency in drift to pursue specific markets. This however, can result in poor product quality. This case analysis aims to show some solutions that would help Lorex Pharmaceuticals str ike a balance between cost, productivity, and quality. Possible Decision AlternativesQuality assurance managers of Lorex Pharmaceuticals must determine and select a target amount to which each of the 10 ounce

Implementation of Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Implementation of Information System - Essay ExampleThe assignment and listing of stakeholders is very important and the initial step in an Is project. The list of the stakeholders should include all the pile who have the power to effect the system. The second category of stakeholders includes the people whose position and power allow for be affected by the project. The third and most important category is the droprs of the project. It is important to recognise the actual stakeholders of the project. The representatives of these stakeholders should be included in all the discussions related to the project in order to sketch the clear great deal and necessities of project. After the identification process it is important to determine the problem statement. The entire stakeholder should reach an agreement on the definition of problem in order to design a project to fit the problem sizing for all the stakeholders.The stakeholders can be divided into resistent groups according to t heir expectations regarding the project. The use and expectation of the stakeholders will help in designing the project in right way. It is seen in case of different projects that the developers and the involved stakeholders do not know about what they exactly want from the project. The development of an internal model regarding the perceptions of developers and stakeholders regarding the project will help all the people involved to expect, create, build and effectively use and support the system.3. Identify and contention Use CasesUse cases are the core of the whole process. The use cases present the complete functionality of the system. A use case in defined as an interaction between the user and the system. The use cases of the different stakeholders differ according to their expectations. They are an effective and meaningful tool to manage and organise the project. The use case show in undertaken according to three steps1. To discover the use case while discussing with the sta keholders this step involves a general overview of two to three sentences of the use case.2. At the second stage an analysis of

The underground water in the uae area and their quality, distribution Case Study

The tubing pissing in the uae argona and their gauge, dispersal and their effects in plantation - Case Study ExampleThe need for irrigate supply in agriculture, house servant and industrial use remain the primary areas where significant volumes of water are necessary to run the frugality of U.A.E not to mention sustaining the livelihood of about 1.4 million people living in U.A.E (Heard-Bey 98). Because of poor quality water in most hugger-mugger water sources, U.A.E have to contend with desalination of water as show in appendix A. While U.A.E has the least number of rainfall in the, a quality of many nations in the Arab Peninsula, the Emirates have the highest number of water use. The amount of water use per-capita in the U.A.E is the highest as compared to any part of the world. Despite the high rate of water use in U.A.E, there learn for water outstrips the supply given that U.A.E has less surface water. The primary source of water in the U.A.E is underground sources, wh ich contribute to meeting the demand of water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use. The underground water sources provide the highest amount of water from well such as one figure 1 depicts. Even with water quality being low due to salts, underground water remain significant resource. ... While the U.A.E have a varying landform, there are several aquifers. Appendix B shows a representation of the main aquifer system in U.A.E that provide underground water sources. In the U.A.E, the primary aquifer system that determine the distribution of underground water make up of alluvial aquifer system, the Batinah coastal plain aquifer, and the deep carbonate aquifer system. The alluvial aquifer system is made of sand, cobbles boulders, and pebbles and stores underground water of nearly 5,280 x 10 9 cm3. The second aquifer systemthe Batinah Coastal Plain Aquiferconsist of course sand, boulders, and gravel. In this aquifer system, well sunk are shallow and allows drawing of water bec ause water levels are high and often above the sea level. The third category of aquifer systems is the deep carbonate aquifer system. This system has inscrutable carbonate rocks that stretch across the southern part of Abu Dhabi. This aquifer demonstrates the characteristics of a system under an artesian condition. Statistics from the U.A.E Ministry of kitchen-gardening and Fisheries reveal that all the seven Emirate have close to 76,000 sources of ground water. These wells produce water utilize for domestic purposes across the U.A.E. The cumulative production of water from these underground well totals to 137.5 Mm3. Most of the underground water sources have an age between 12,000 and 40,000 years pointing to water deposits that have taken long time to roll up in the aquifers. Across the U.A.E, the main underground sources of water belong to three aquifers, which represent one of the factors that ferment the distribution of underground water. Other factors that play a role in d etermining

Obesity and its causes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

fleshiness and its causes - Research Paper Examplecause of obesity is the availability of a variety of consumer snack products in the country containing trans fats and other preservatives with high levels of saturated fat. In at presents difficult economy, the costs of healthy foods are increasing callable to rising prices in the global food supply chain, therefore consumers become toward unhealthier food options due to pricing. The high availability of these foods in this competitive marketplace where variety and option is frightening along with a more attractive price tag can be attributed as a significant cause of obesity increases in society.Furthermore, the method by which food manufacturers market their products to youths is another creator for the growing trend of childhood obesity. Less health food options, such as those made by Cadbury or Nestle, two well-known global chocolatiers, often use innovative advertisements are part of merchandising to appeal to the childs l ifestyle and personal values. Finding these promotional connections leads youths to sample high-fat or high-calorie foods due to brand image or how the product is presented using colorful or imaginative characters. This is a mental contribution to the escalation of obesity and is a product of business marketing, an industry which is being lambasted for its all-too efficient efforts in get-up-and-go less healthy snack foods to children (Alistair, 24).Obesity is also caused by the rising instances of quick service or fast food restaurant concepts which provide high fat foods products to consumers in a hurry. In todays global marketplace and consumerism economy, many households have both parents working in order to keep quality of lifestyle. This changing trend toward the hassled lifestyle drives many parents toward this convenience, fast service menu. McDonalds, under pressure by health advocates, became the first fast food restaurant to post nutritional information on their promo tion (Grant, 9). This illustrates that the fast food

White-collar crime and criminal theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

White-collar nuisance and criminal theories - Essay ExampleBased on the rational preference conjecture, individuals engage in offense deliberately, and they have the conscious that the act they engage in is criminal. The theory in like manner holds that people engage in clerical crime on their own and as a effect of their own free will (Shover & Hochstetler 2).The rational choice theory states that individuals willing to engage in white-collar crime first evaluate their actions. Based on their evaluation of the situation, the individual then makes an assessment on whether there is a possibility that they will complete the action without any sanctions. The rational choice theory is also states that people who carry out white-collar crime tend to be motivated to do so because of the desire to make illegal gains (Shover & Hochstetler 4). The theory further argues that the entities and individuals engaging in white-collar crime know the consequences of such a crime, but they choose to ignore these consequences and engage in crime heedless of the consequences. For example, a white-collar crime like fraud is carried out intentionally with the aim of getting unprincipled gains. Corporate entities also engage in white-collar crime intentionally since they know the consequences of such crime (Vito and Jeffrey 63).The other theory, which explains white-collar crime, is the social disorganization theory. According to this theory, the factors around a person have a profound impact on the possibility to commit a crime. The conflicts and inconsistency of institutions play a mention role in determining whether the white-collar crime will be committed (Payne 224). The key theoriser who advanced the social disorganization theory was Edwin Sutherland. According to him, the social disintegration of society can be regarded as the basis upon which white-collar crime takes place. The disorganization of institutions contributes to white-collar crime since it enables crimina ls to have an easy way.

Information ethics reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information ethics reflection paper - Essay ExampleFrom the past few years, it has been notice in that respect has been a growth in information ethics in the field of information wisdom (Kaddu, Information Ethics A Students Perspective).In the recent times, it has been ascertained that due(p) to the growth in the use of the internet and e-commerce, there has been a rise in the ethical issues cogitate to information systems. The internet has made it very simple for various firms to collect, assimilate and distribute data or information that has elevated concerns regarding the proper usage of consumer information, privacy of personal information, and security of intellectual property (TechRepublic, 10 Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers). There be various specialized insiders who have the skills of misleading information systems through unfitting ways of submitting phone histories and averting cash transactions in such a way which cannot be imagined in the pre-computer period . Organizational examples of ethical issues elevated by information systems involve Enron wherein the top three managers were convicted for conjuration of information to its shareholders and WorldCom, one of the biggest telecommunication firms in the United States wherein the top executives were convicted for using illegal methods of accounting. In addition, it is overly observed that Merrill Lynch was convicted for supporting Enron in creating vehicles which did not have any business purpose. Therefore, it is worth mentioning that there is a requirement for the establishment of responsibility for the result obtained from information system, along with determining certain standards that comfort the quality system which safeguard the information of the individual in the society and preserve the values that are considered very important for the quality of life of an individual in the society (Pearson Education, Ethical and Social Issues

Histograms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Histograms - Essay ExampleNotably, histograms be indispensable in tabulating and analysis of data acquired from the apt quotient bring ins of both young-begetting(prenominal)s and female persons varying results. In addition, it gives lucubrate on the mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, class width and skewness of the good quotient scores of both male and females. Considerably, histograms are significant in showing the distribution of data thus, it is essential to establish the differences that occur in the intelligent quotient scores of both male and females.More than often, female are agreeable and open with their feelings as compared to their male counterparts who are assertive. As a result, the intelligent quotient tests that require details on information about a persons openness, empathy and facial expression make females more likely to score highly than males, because in character, they give detail information and are skilful in verbal communication. On the other hand, the male will give less information and as a result, score poorly in the intelligent quotient test. In addition, the memory holding capability of both males and females differ because the male counterparts have the ability to disown encounters masculine in nature and scores highly as such, if the intelligence quotient test asked are dealing with events of masculines nature. On the other hand, females have the ability to remember experiences, faces and names of individuals and places (Garlick, 2003). As a result, female participants score highly in intelligent quotient tests that incorporate questions dealing with remembering events and experiences they encountered before accordingly scoring highly than their males counterparts.Extensively, males are proficient in things that involves mental rotation and mathematical in nature (Dykiert, Gale & Deary, 2007). As a result, tests set with mathematical calculation makes the males comfortable and tackle them with much ease and sc ore highly than the females. In addition, many

Investment Analysis and Strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Investment Analysis and Strategy - destination Paper ExampleModern Portfolio surmisal elaborately discusses the relationship between the riskiness and the return. (Lintner, 1965 Brealey and Myers, 2003)Goldman Sachs, one of the largest banks, is the firm, which impart be studied in this paper. Before calculating the rate of return that is evaluate on the enthronement in the sh ares of this company employing CAPM, it is required to briefly discuss this model for the betterment of the understanding.Whether an individual will be interested in investing his money in the shares of a particular firm depends on the picture show of the firm to the market risks as well as those risks, which are mainly specific to this firm. Now portfolio theory suggests that instead of making investment in one particular share, it would be wiser for an individual to invest in a diversified portfolio. An appropriate diversification reduces total level of risks. (Brealey and Myers, 2003 Markowitz, 1991 B ernstein, 2001)To estimate expected return on an investment in a particular stock, Capital Asset Pricing Model is used. This model specifies a formula, which is generally applied by the firms to determine market return on the shares of that firm. CAPM takes into account only those risks, which are non-diversifiable. These risks are commonly known as systematic or market risk and they are oft expressed by the term beta (). (Markowitz, 1991 Bernstein, 2001 Tobin, 1958 )E(Ri) = Rf + (E(RM) - Rf) where E(Ri) is expected return on the ith capital asset, Rf is the return on the risk free asset, represents sensitivity of the return on the stock to the market return, and E(RM) stands for the expected return on the market portfolio. (Markowitz, 1991 Bernstein, 2001)Before moving into further analysis it is necessary to understand what risk free and risky assets stand for. The classification of assets, particularly of financial

Hip Hop Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hip Hop Music - probe ExampleThe term hip skip was coined by a rapper cognize as Keith cattleman who was a group member of the Grandmaster flash and the Furious five luck. He did this when he was teasing a friend who had joined the U.S. army by apprisal these words i.e. hip pass over hip skitter in a path that imitated the rhythm of marching soldiers. He then used the hip hop-skip rhythm in a part of his performance on st maturate from where some other artistes picked. The word head start appe atomic number 18d in print form in a book tit lead Village Voice that was authored by St regular(a) Hager. Hip hop music is a music genre that is comprised of two major components, which argon, rapping which is also referred to as MCing or it also goes by the name DJing and record scratching. Rapping utilizes vocals where the performer speaks rhythmically to supportive beats which are in most cases generated from some bits of other songs.The history of hip hop has it that it has ev olved through two of import eras the era of old school hip hop that ranged from the year 1970 and lasted till the year 1985. The new age or golden era of the hip hop school began in 1985 and lasted till the year 1993Rappers are also known to recite poems in the course of making the hip hop performance. The other components involve graffiti which is usually made on the clothing wore by the performers, and break dancing. Some instrumentals vie in the version or trend that depicts hip hop are also categorized into this group there stem turn regarded as hip hop. It is worth noting that hip hop music is part of the larger hip hop culture that comprises of fashion, music and art. Hip hop is characterized with a drum beat that regularly takes up the 4/4 time signature. It might be accompanied with vocal bit of the music which might also be ignored. The hip hop music might be presented by a live band or as produced musicRoots of hip hop lyricismThe roots of hip hop can be dated back to the 1970s. They can be found in music that was played by the West African and African Americans that were living in this era. These West African hip hop fore fathers also known as the griots played songs and made poems that had a musical style that was suggestive of hip hop music. They were composed of a group of singers and poets and they were engaged in much traveling and singing as their career. This group of singers also forms part of an oral tradition that existed hundreds of years past (Flores 2000P24).The other fore fathers of rap were found in the New York City who made their performances in a similar manner as the griots. They gave performances of a poetic nature as well as music that suggested hip hop. They held the traditions known as talking blues signifying the dozens and jazz poetry- all of which makes part of oral tradition.Some other groups of people who made great contributions to the roots of hip hop include a group prevalent for poetry and that was known as the last poets, and a poet known by the name Jalal Mansur Nurridin who was vocal even in the 1960s The prevalentization of the block parties in the New York City during the 1970s led to the greatest development of the hip hop music. This can be attributed to the fact that music especially of the funk and intellect music nature was often played heavily in these parties. Frequent playing of this music led to the discovery of a means of playing the percussion breaks in songs that had formed part of the most popular hits during those days. This was after it was realized that the parts that were isolated were the most danceable parts that entertained crowds the most. DJ Kool Herc has been far-famed as

Sales Presentation Report Speech or Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales Report - Speech or Presentation ExampleFrom then on trade has also been introduced to the academe and has since evolved to become the driving force companies usually rely on today. With the advent of the entropy age, marketing have drasti forestally increased its contribution to the growth of the company. Thus, sales presentations have seen various improvements and contrary styles of prospecting, presentation and closing have been mixed up to provide a strong exchange proposition. forth from the technological improvements that revolutionized communication, marketers are now more informed since clients themselves have found the very potent using up of websites for their products. Thus, sales representatives nowadays are more informed when they meet up with clients. However, it is important for them to none that their competitors as well have basi titley the same preparation. Thus, it is important for the sales representatives to be able to clearly grasp the selling techn iques that they will be using. As illustrated in the case, being SMART about the objective of the sales call is also key to making a successful sales presentation. Product Major rock oil, Inc Heating Oil Supply and return Prospecting Method Cold vocaling Prospect Company Description and Sales Call The sales presentation will be a follow-up for a previous phone call that initially introduced the product, company and has set a meeting for formally presenting the products and services of Major Oil Inc and belike closing the deal. doubting Thomas Automotive is a vehicle service and liven up shop that has been in institution for about two and a half decades already. The business is owned by Mr. Ed Thomas and is a sole proprietorship. Initially, the business was known as Torringford Automotive and had an initial business address at 1795 eastward principal(prenominal) Street, Torrington and was there until the mid 90s. After which, the business moved out of Torrington area to Main Street and likewise changed their business name to adeptly present the change as they are no agelong in the area. Thomas Automotive stayed there for a little less than a decade and by and by moved on to their current address. Being a sole proprietorship, Thomas Automotive do not advertise much but relies on customer feedbacks to spread the word of the quality of their work. Likewise, the business puts in a little extra by giving customers a ride to and from the shop and even picks up their vehicles for repairs so that those that are working need not worry about bringing their vehicles to the shop for repairs. Furthermore, Thomas Automotive ensures that the work they do substantiate their claim of quality through the retest they provide. Likewise, their business is also bear witness for emission repairs by the State of Connecticut. We pride ourselves on doing the little extras for our customers. We do very little tangible advertising but have a large customer base due to all the grapevine advertising by our other satisfied customers. We take our customers home within a ten-mile radius, pick them up also. We even pick up the vehicle at your place of business so we can repair it while you are at work. We are certified by the State of Connecticut for Emission Repairs. When we flesh out the required repairs we take it back for retest for our customers. Customer Profile Business Name Thomas Automotive Service and Repair at a Price thats Fair Address 54 Brook St. Torrington, CT 06790 Website www.thomasautomotive.com Contact Person Mr. Jason Odell, Sr. Buyer The

Importance of motivation on the workforce Case Study

Importance of motivation on the workforce - Case Study pillowcaseImportance of motivation on the workforce Experts argon always on the lookout on how to perfect the productivity of people on how to make them perform well because the competitiveness of a business nerve depends on its greatest asset its workforce.This question is not simply to satisfy a certain specialness in a business organisation exactly in fact has economic relevance because a workforce with high morale has a higher output and productivity. This paper would venture into the various theories and approaches to enhance workforce morale from the classical theorists such as Taylor until present perspective on workforce morale. In any business enterprise, the human resource are always considered as the most important asset. Their surgical process can spell a difference between a business failure or victor especially in todays very competitive environment (Guld 2007). Business organisations with a perpetrate an d motivated workforce does not only have higher productivity but also look into the viability of the business in the long-run. Such, it is critical that businesses should motivate its workforce not only for them to commit and perform but also to keep them in the organisation. Keeping valuable employees motivated in an organisation is not only intended to make them commit and perform but also to keep them over the long dredge (Frasch 2010). There are many implements used by business organisations to motivate their employees. ... Several business organisations til now went as far as integrating play with work not only to keep their employees attached and productive, but also to induce creativity in the workplace which proved to be beneficial to a companys diversification drive such as the case of Google (Lovewell 2005). III. Motivation theories and examples The idea of the destiny to motivate employees to raise commitment and performance among employees was first conceived by man agement classical theorists such as Taylor, Maslow, Mayo, McGregor, Vroom and Herzberg. While modern management and organisational theorists will argue that their concepts of motivating employees to commit and perform are inadequate, it cannot be denied that these classical theorists provided the basic building blocks of the know-how to motivate employees. From a simple idea of Taylor that adequate hire motivates employees, it later expanded to include the other dimension of human needs and aspects with the aim of fulfilling these needs that would alter employees to commit to the organisation.. The classical theorists of motivation a. Frederick Winslow Taylors Principles of Scientific Management Taylor first conceived the idea that workers are in general motivated solely by wage. He posited that management has to possess the control and knowledge of the methods of production so that it would have a greater control of achieving efficiency in an organisation that includes motivatin g its workforce (Jaffe 2008). For Taylor, the happy chance up functions into small quantifiable tasks is necessary to make the time-piece rate pay possible that will encourage employees to work harder if they can see that they are being paid with more work (Taylor 1911). This theory fictitious that employees

Nixon v United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nixon v United States - Essay Exampledoubts the people of America had regarding The efficiency of a system that not except comprises of the President and the White House staff, but also extends to the office of independent counsel-its authority and its jurisdiction. (Frederick M. Kaiser, p 5). The tapes, integrity of them called The Smoking Gun which include the recorded conversations, that revealed Nixons alleged acts that were antagonistic to justice and highlighted his attempts to cover up the attempted break-in, led to a lot of public disgust for the Republican Party. Keeping in head the disastrous effect the Watergate scandal had on the public morale, the information these tapes contain must be kept away from Congressional oversight. They are not empowered with the right to have access to records or exonerate investigations. Reports have already shown the tapes were tampered with, even when in the custody of the White House. Eighteen and a half important minutes of one par ticular tape were erased in five separate segments. The privileged information contained deep down these tapes, if accessed by the above-mentioned body will further lead to the establishment of an atmosphere of political risk that has already been created due to the illegal activities of President Nixon and his staff. In all of this, President Nixon has acted in a direction contrary to his trust as President and subversive of constitutional Government, to the great prejudice of the cause of police and justice and to the manifest injury of the people of the United States. (House Committee on the Judiciary, p 3). These tapes are instantly a matter of national security and must neither be compartmentalized nor pigeonholed as a mere political conspiracy. Congressional oversight is needed to serve many objectives and purposes. According to Frederick M. Kaiser, these include utility in the efficiency, economy, effectiveness of Governmental operations, evaluation of programs and thei r performance, protection of civil liberties

70's Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

70s Television - Essay ExampleThis was a time when population were deeply involved with the Hippie movement, people wore bell bottom jeans and wore peace signs and the nation first heard the sounds of preserve artists like David Bowie and The Beetles. (Mishkind). By this time the nation had also seen the assassination of Malcolm X, and had had all ready lost mavin of the most beloved presidents of all time to assassination, John F. Kennedy three years early.This was a time when people were protesting for their civil rights with Martin Luther King leading many marches in Selma Alabama and other southern states to solve equal rights to blacks in America. The Walk of Peace was created in New York City to protest the Vietnam War it displace a small crowd of 10,000 people.These events shaped the culture of Baby Boomers as they donned their Hippie attire or corporate suits to make the world their individualism and to protest anything worth protesting at the time. Many young adults tu ned in and tuned out with Timothy OLeary with the drug LSD that was becoming more popular than marijuana for some people.By 1967, television was seeing a variety of sitcoms and variety shows that attempted to entertain the American public. People were up to(p) to sit at home and watching fantasy shows like Batman and Bewitched and more. By 1967, Batman was the hottest television show with Burt Ward and Adam West heading the show with a host of criminals like Catwoman, The Joker, and The Riddler. It was silly, campy and extraordinary with its weird camera angles and jocularity and we cant forget Rocky and Bullwinkle (Ingram). Within all of this fun in September of 1967 audiences would be totally immersed in one of the most popular shows of all time The warble Burnett Show.Carol Burnett and her host of characters was joined by Harvey Korman, Lyle Waggoner, Tim Conway, and Vickie Lawrence with one single goal to

The Death Penalty Distinct Ruling's Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Death Penalty intelligible Rulings - Assignment ExampleDeath penalty could also be said to be ethical since it ensures equality. It would be an act of favor to the offender when the judge gives a lenient judgment to an offender as compared to the horror done (Andre, 2010). For example, if a somebody commits murder and is given a jail term of several years, thence that would be unfair to the victims family that would be unethical.Even, though, some may argue that an adult is awake(predicate) of the crime he has pull, there are some facts that people would tend to assume. The reason why the person did what he did could be out of defense. People also assume the mental stability of the person who committed the crime. Dignity is another crucial point that one should consider, and lastly the right to life. An adult criminal has rights, beneficial like another person, and should not be treated differently. Thus, death penalty can be two adequate and inadequate when it comes to an adult criminal depending on the facts (Gary, 2001).The right to life is a freedom that everyone is so-called to enjoy. No person is allowed to take another persons life. Thus, death penalty violates this right (Dieter). When the mashyard orders for a person to be hanged or shot to death, then they are depriving the person the right to life. preferably of killing a person, it would be okay to lock them forever until they die naturally. Even, though, it has been argued that the only people who should be given this penalty are juveniles, since they are still young and pregnant women, it is still not justified. each(prenominal) are equal and should be treated equally. Thus, no one should be allowed to go through this since this is ravishment of human rights.Death penalty to criminals of a violent act would result into violating all the factors that have been mentioned above. It would champion to violation of human rights, but, at the same time, it would be a sound, ethical decisio n. However, sometimes a court might have ruled against the offender,

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Paraphrase - Essay casefulThe photoelectric batch detectors have special features that allow them to be efficient. This encompasses use of an LED lens and a photodiode that is specifically placed to act as a light detector. In the occurrence of a fire, when the particles of smoke rise and enter the photoelectric chamber, the smoke particles distort the light beam and this triggers the alarm. This technique seems technologically raise and effective.The mechanism of ionization smoke detectors is however different from that of photoelectric detectors. It utilizes radioactive elements, for instance, americium-241 which batch emit radiations finished the ionization chambers. The ionization chamber has two electrodes through which the radiations pass causing constant generation of current. The photoelectric smoke detectors are more preferable since they are dependable and less likely to trigger rancid alarms. In fact, the utilization of radioactive components by the ionization smoke detectors can be injurious to individuals who advance close to it since it constantly emits radiations. In contrast, the photoelectric detector alarms are non radioactive and quick ion indicating either signs of smoke, especially in open flame fires. There are two chief requirements for detector system in residential occupancies. One includes informing the residents on fire prevention, maintenance and escape plans. Secondly, is to ensure respectable documentation of the installed smoke detector.Finally, few considerations are necessary during the placement of smoke detectors. First, the smoke detector should not be installed in areas such as fireplaces. It should be installed near the cooking areas in the kitchen since it will be prone to indicate false alarms. The non-insulated attic and outside walls are also not good ideas. It can be tricky since the smoke could emanate externally and initiate false alarms when put near windows and

Shift work Essay Example for Free

Shift cipher Essay radical A person beholding a table piled high with sumptuous food has a tendency to get too legion(predicate) and/or too large a batch. Since the problem is brought on by the eyes and a deprivation of reason, the person is portrayed a one whose eyes are bigger than their stomach. Elephant in the room inwardness An important and obvious topic, which everyone present is aware of, but which isnt discussed, as such discussion is considered to be uncomfortable. arising The theme of the exhibition was global p overty. By painting the elephant in the same bold pattern as the rooms wallpaper, Banksy emphasized the excogitates heart, by both making the elephant even more obvious and by self-aggrandizing those who chose to ignore it (like the woman in the tableau) an opportunity to pretend that it had blended into the wallpaper background. Even at the b bring out of the lunar time period Meaning The phrase is used to de none some change from a previously dura ble course of events. Origin The phrase comes from Shakespeares Henry V where he use turning of the tide in a letter. Ear sewerdyMeaning Music with an instant appeal but with weensy dogged significance. Origin The term may fall in been in use before 1977, although I can find no references to it in print that predate Reddys album title. The term did get picked up though and soon became a generic term for music that was initially attractive but with little lasting substance. Candy is of course what the US calls the confectionery that more parts of the English-speaking world call sweets. The sugary, aerial imagery is well suited to these phrases. Excuse my French Meaning Please forgive my swearing.Origin A coy phrase used when someone who has used a swear-word attempts to pass it off as French. The diffidence comes from the fact the both the speaker and listener are of course both well aware the swear-word is thus English. F Fair and substantive Meaning Honest and straightfor ward, especially of business dealings. Origin In the sixteenth century square meant fair and honest so fair and square is tautological. George Puttenham used that meaning of square in The arte of English poesie, 1589Aristotle termeth a constant minded man a square man.Francis Bacons essay Of Prophecies, 1604 is the offshoot known use of fair and square Fast asleep Meaning soundly asleep. Origin The unfluctuating in fast asleep derives from the Old German fest, meaning stuck firmly not easily transferable as in stuck fast. Asleep derives from sleep in the same way that nautical adverbs like aground and astern derive from ground and stern. To be fast asleep was to be stuck firmly in sleep, kindred to a beached ship being fast aground. Filthy rich Meaning Very rich, possibly having shew so by unfair means.Origin The phrase comes from the word filthy lucre means money from dishonorable gain. This was depression used as a noun phrase meaning rich state who have become so by di shonorable means like gambling. panorama the music Meaning Face the truth Origin Comes from the British military. When someone was court marshaled, there would be a military tucker out squad playing, hence face the music. The term drummed out of the military came from this practice. From stem to stern Meaning Thorough, complete. Origin The very front of a ship is called the stem, the rear is called the stern.From stem to stern includes the entire ship. G drag a leg up Meaning To get a boost or advantage. Origin This phrase may incorrectly invoke images of a dog raising its leg. In fact Getting a leg up is from the act of an equestrian receiving help in mounting a vaulting horse. The helper would arrive at a foothold by cupping the hands to heft the rider upward, throwing a leg up and over the steed. Get of the tr discharge foot Meaning Make a bad start to a project or relationship. Origin The phrase comes from the idiom put your best foot forward. This means to micturate a b est impression.Despite the implication we only have two choices, so if theres a wrong foot there has to be a right one too and get off on the right foot is also in common use. Graveyard shift Meaning A late-night/early-morning work shift. Origin So they would dig up jewel caskets and would take the bones to a bone-house and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, one out of 25 coffins was found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. So they thought they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell.Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift) to listen for the bell thus, someone could be saved by the bell or was considered a dead ringer. smilening like a Cheshire cat Meaning Grin broadly. Origin The phrase comes from the novel Alice in Wonderland where she asked the duchess why the cat grinned. The duchess answered B ecause its a Cheshire cat I didnt know that Cheshire cats always grinned in fact, I didnt know that cats COULD grin. They all can, say the Duchess and most of them do. Good as gold Meaning Well behaved and obedient. Origin When banknotes (known as bills in the USA and some other countries) were first introduced they werent considered to be money in the sense we now think of them. They were promissory notes or IOUs. Gold or silver was real money as it had intrinsic value. Notes were just promises to pay in coin. UK banknotes, like those of many other countries, still include messages like this, signed by the Chief Cashier of the Bank of England I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten pounds.So, as good as gold ought really to be as genuine as gold, but the more usual meaning of good has taken precedence over the years and left us with the usual meaning of the phrase. H High on the hog Meaning Extravagantly. Origin The best meat is on the upper portion of the pig. Rich people have always been afforded this luxury while the servants, slaves and poor have always had to eat pigs feet, chitterlings, cracklings, etc. low on the hog. Horse of a different color Meaning Unlike the affair at hand. Origin Horses are registered at birth and the registration includes a record of their color.When a horse trades hands due to sale, the registration is also transferred. Sometimes the color recorded on the registration may not match the actual color of the horse leading one to suspect the horse is not the one in the registration. Horses sometimes change color as they age, just as some peoples haircloth changes color. More likely the horse is not the one represented on the registration but is very an entirely different horse. Hold your feet to the fire Meaning To hold one accountable for a commitment, make good on a promise.Origin Pertains to torture used during the Crusades. As a method for extracting apology for heresy, non-believers were positioned in a ma nner that allowed the inquisitor to apply flames to the feet of the accused. This was done until the accused confessed or died. Head over heels Meaning Excited, and/or turning cartwheels to demonstrate ones excitement. Origin Head over heels is now most a lot used as part of head over heels in love. When first coined it wasnt used that way though and referred exclusively to being temporarily the wrong way up.It is one of many similar phrases that we use to signalise things that are not in their usual state upside-down, topsy-turvy, topple up tail, arse over tea-kettle, bass-backwards etc. Hard lines Meaning Bad luck Origin Clearly the derivation of hard lines is entirely myrmecophilous on which line was being referred to when the phrase was coined. There is a reference to lines in the King throng Version of the Bible, 1611, and that is the basis of several early citations of hard linesPsalms 166 The lines are go unto me in pleasant places yea, I have a goodly heritage.

The Role of the Youth in Establishing Unity in a Diversified Multicultural Society Essay Example for Free

The Role of the Youth in Establishing Unity in a Diversified Multi heathen Society EssayThe Role of the Youth in Establishing Unity in a Diversified Multicultural Society Years passed, adults have tried to control youth because they fabricate the future. early days pile often fight back, trying to create their own world that is separate from their parents. At the end of World War II they were finally given a name teen-agers, an ideal of childlike multitude as consumers. That model for youth spread around the world, and still exists today. Throughout history, young people have played an active role in shaping major social and political advancements. right aways growing globalization and cross-border movements create an environment, which is increasingly diverse in terms of culture and religion. Young peoples contribution to understanding the impact of this diversity on everyday life as well as politics is now more crucial than ever. Moreover, as they constitute the largest segment of commonwealth in many regions, the role of youth in shaping their countrys response to cultural and religious diversity is vital.We clearly see youth as an essential asset a crucial pool of talent, ideas and energy that plays a critical role in addressing the challenges related to global and local instability. We must get control of this. We must motivate our youth.We must teach responsibility and goal setting. I attention if we do not we will soon be supporting an entire extension of homeless and needlessly on welfare families. Things have to change, with our schools, with the older generation being good role models, with the older generation being mentors, and with the youth who are right now doing nothing. We believe that it is important to recognize young peoples own contribution to promoting respect and understanding and fostering dialogue among people of different backgrounds. With teenaged unemployment soaring, young people can no longer influence the world w ith their wallets.As student protests began exploding crossways the globe this fall, we felt compelled to connect our work to these burgeoning movements. Similar generational conflict and disparate youth movements were born(p) out of the Great Depression. These movements share a common goal to re-imagine the future. Its an exciting premise that is possibly the hallmark of adolescence, and a vision typical of historys most influential youth cultures. more adults discredit youthful rebellion simply as an emotional rite of passage. However, it is our belief that this style of zymolysis can bring about real change.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Literary Analys Essay Example for Free

earn from Birmingham Jail Literary Analys EssayMartin Luther office, Jr.s, Letter from Birmingham Jail, was written in 1963 during the time African Americans were fighting for equality among races. We can tell this by the expression used in his writing such as Negro, which was used at one time, and is no womb-to-tomb considered, politically correct. The purpose for the letter is that Martin Luther fagot Jr. was trying to convince the gabardine clergymen that him and his Peoples actions were completely unnecessary for the situation. When doing this, he uses critical and persuasive tones to try to influence the reader to agree with him. Martin Luther pansy Jr. provides a valid argument using logos, pathos, and ethos throughout his letter.The use of comparison in Dr. Kings letter makes the African Americans trouble of segregation strikems, on the nose about holy. He compares being arrested for his peaceful but illegal actions to the crucifixion of Jesus for his unique God -consciousness and never-ceasing devotion. Martin Luther King, Jr. ties himself to God by suggesting that above constitutional rights and legal laws are God-given rights, and these rights are the ones that he and his followers are supporting. He says that just laws, are laws that Square with moral law or the law of God. King resumes this religious association in his last paragraph, where he mentions blacks who conduct sit-ins as children of God who stand up for the most scare set in our Judeo-Christian heritage. These similarities make Dr. King and his men seem to be fighting an almost supernal cause, one that has the support of God and of history.King also uses his voice through writing to educe emotion. aside from his associations to God and Socrates, which may help religious readers better connect to his message, Martin Luther King Jr., writes about the emotional excruciation that blacks went through due to segregation and prejudice. He replies to whites telling blacks to wait for desegregation by bringing up several murders committed by whites on blacks, including lynching, drowning, and police cruelty. He continues on these emotional out looks by expressing how children begin to become disturbed by segregation when they realize that they are considered lesser to whites.King uses explicit examples, such as a daughter who finds out that she cant visit an amusement super acid because it is closed to saturnine children, and a son who asks, Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean? He shows how the build-up of these thoughts in black children eventually turn into hatred for whites when he says, There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer spontaneous to be plunged into the abyss of despair. All of these statements help the reader see just how blacks were disturbed beyond decency and rightfulness. Kings use of emotional writing helps readers develop sympathy for the segregated.Martin Luther King Jr., is try ing to tell the white clergymen what he feels they are doing wrong. He uses so umteen different emotional pulls at the attempt to grab their attention. He does a great job of doing this through referring to the bible and about children. Through the use of rhetorical strategies, Martin Luther King Jr. countered the clergymens argument. He also got their attention due to his unique strategy of directly addressing his readers, the clergymen, to arrive at the base of his argument. From there, King is able to shatter his opponents claims. This way of arguing allowed King to present his argument with much authority to achieve his goal justify the reasons for nonviolent demonstrations against segregation.I feel as if Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail had a great impact on the rights of black people during his time. The fact that is unsounded read today proves its a great piece of writing. From my point of view he was in the right with every opinion he expressed I honestl y dont see how you couldnt agree with him. His writing is not only changing the world, but is entertainment to read. In the finish of his letter he says I bank this letter finds you strong in the faith. I also hope that the circumstances lead soon make it possible for me to meet each of you, not as integrationist or a civil-rights leader but as a fellow clergymen and a Christian brother. This is the hope of many people we are getting closer each day to having his hope become a reality. I believe this letter had a huge impact on many peoples lives, and will continue to change the world.

Humes Skeptical Empiricism and Lockes Empiricism Essay Example for Free

Humes Skeptical Empiricism and Lockes Empiricism EssayEmpiricism claims that cognition is gained largely by experience, observation and overly sensory perception. Human association and ideas ar gained empirically and by experience. Locke and Hume are empiricists who have different views about merciful knowledge perception. Therefore, empiricism is a theory of knowledge that arises from evidence gathered through experience of sense. It is a field that complicates views which predominates human knowledge as it emphasis on the role of experience, evidence, perception, and formation of ideas.Humes wondering(a) empiricism was Marjory on external world be rationally unjustifiable. Hume argued that in keeping with empiricism views, all knowledge derives from sense of experience. Through this he carve up human knowledge in to two categories that is the relations of ideas and matters of fact. Therefore, for Hume an impression corresponds roughly with sensation. A persons ability to remember and imagine such impressions is known as having ideas.Therefore, Hume argued that ideas are the faint copies of sensations. Through his skeptical instructions, he explained that all knowledge cannot be established by reason. Through out his argument, he added that inducive reasoning is required to justify circular arguments about a certain issue. The premises for the principle of inductive reasoning can be reached and justified through circular argument. He concluded that such things as beliefs in an external world in the existence of the self were not rationally justifiable.Therefore, his skeptical arguments draw off on the legitimacy of inductive reasoning allow many skeptics who follow it to cast similar doubts. Locke on the other hand, held that some knowledge could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Locke expressed his ideas on issues regarding to mind and white writing which leads to proper reasoning. According to Locke, the mind is like a wh ite paper on which the experiences leave their marks. Therefore, tally to his argument the predominant sources of ideas and knowledge are sensation and reflection of education.The information could in the long run lead to the internalization of knowledge making it seem innate recall of information. In this cheek the empiricism denied that human beings have innate ideas and anything is understandable without ideas. According to Lockes argument, any knowledge that ineluctably to be properly inferred or deduced should be gained ultimately from one sense based on experience. Therefore, according to Lockes position understanding is set of propositions present to consciousness.However, the central point is missed in his argument that faculties are innate but not conscious propositional knowledge. These assumptions of cognitive transparency were challenged by Hume who argued towards positive cognitive faculties. Hume argued that there are certain traits or characteristics that could n ot be traced back to experience. Therefore, through his argument he contrasted Locke. The main difference between the two is seen in the point that understanding is a product consisting of propositions.It is also assumed as a process where by power of making inferences requires an explanation. According to Lockes argument, the human minds resort to reflection on information which leads to decision making process. Reflection in this aspect could ultimately lead to internalization of knowledge making it seem innate upon recall of the information. On the contrary, Hume agued that new ideas are simply as a result of improvements made to existing ideas gained through impressions and sensations.

Technology Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Technology judge Introduction EssayA rapid development of scientific and technological progress, especially in late decades, has changed thinking of a modern person. An advent of computers has made a real revolution. They altered our approach to work, study, cheer and opposite aspects of life. In hospitals, our organism is scanned by complex tomography. Up-to-grade Internet access devices atomic number 18 located in schools while in institutions there are various tools for carrying out calculations and experiments. Being ordinary things, laptop, mobile communications, a global network, automated production lines thats far from a complete list of useful information technologies. Probably, race did not possess such a sum of knowledge in different fields. Amazing phenomena outfox us. Today, figuratively speaking, you can get news from your pocket, connect to a network, or send a center to an individual who is thousands of kilometers away from you. Thanks to technologies, we may get acquainted with concourse who live in other countries and cities.Science came up with a lot of interesting and useful stuff from biomaterials to artificial hands. From a unreal kidney to contact lenses that train eye muscles at night. From digital libraries, online universities, and courses to advanced deep earth drilling rigs. amaze innovations are designed to serve humanity in its quest for high peaks.However, not all technologies emolument the human being. Frequently, we could observe some reverse. For instance, modern weapons are capable of destroying both nature and human lives in frightening proportions. An industry smokes and discharges toxic waste into the water, invades the earths interior in search of resources. In the Pacific Ocean, a new continent of floating debris has already settled down.On the one hand, electronic pages are good, less harm is done to the environment, and storing a large amount of data is easier and more convenient in such form. On the ot her hand, humanity is becoming increasingly dependent on technology. Most manhood cannot even imagine what they will do if, for example, they forget a phone at home.Facebook, Twitter, and other analogs cave in a significant influence on the well-being and sense of human satisfaction. A lot of studies far-famed the more time a person spends in so-called social relations, the higher a risk of loneliness and depression. The question arises does this mean that global networks mostly address single and unhappy people or they make them so? Live interaction is replaced by a set of letters on the computer as facial expressions are emoticons. People just stopped going to visit and look each other.Thus, technological progress has divided the world into two camps. Some people believe that globe of complex gadgets moves an evolution of our civilization forward. Others are convinced of the extremely negative impact of such devices on human health and psyche. First of all, it is worth noting that a lot of techniques are specially established for execute the most laborious and routine job. Similar developments allow you to economize both time and space.At the homogeneous time, opponents of technical innovations are sure that they make a person lazy, deprive him/her of the opportunity to act mentally and physically. Many of our contemporaries spend a significant part of their lives waiting for the moment when robots will do all the activity without their participation. Do not forget about a danger associated with an emission of gadgets and an government issue of psychological dependence. But any phenomenon conceals in itself both positive and negative sides. In the context of technology, it is demand to observe moderation in their applying and to remember their subsidiary rather than a dominant role in our lives.

International Marketing Essay Example for Free

International Marketing EssayInternational commercialiseing variables would vary from region to region or say from rustic to country, although the concept of marketing glob whollyy could be the same for achieving the companys goals and objectives. thither would be a rattling thin path of varying concerns and reported differences in between the be of all inputs and resources, prices, advertising cost and mediums used and last but not the least the distribution element to deliver the products in all corners of its country of operation. But through proper consultancy for businesses and its operation in divergent countries can enable companies to adapt, properly manage, and intelligent coordination plan in in the buffly tapped marked where all the trading operations and functions atomic number 18 unfamiliar to the red-hot ones. Companies choose to discover international markets for a variety of reasons. In umteen case in point, companies start exploring international mar kets in reaction to spontaneous information and instructions or say demands from end-consumers in those respective markets.While, many businesses also start their operations in other countries in order to as legitimate a the market sh ar in those countries thus to overcome the overhead cost at home, diversify their corporate holdings, take advantage of domestic or international political or economic changes, or tap into new or growing markets. (Eight Tech, 2009) Businesses strategically planning to expand their portfolio operations used to adopt certain various ways depending upon certain form of strategies.These strategies include exporting certain goods or raw materials from the host country and making retailing outlets in different countries worldwide. These forms of strategies be legion(predicate) starting from formal joint venture agreements to establishing their own branded subsidiaries in the prospective country (ies). These twain extreme forms of strategies could also inc lude provision of licensing and patenting agreements with formal rights holding, etc. to companies / businesses already in operation in countries abroad, franchising contract manu situationuring and establishing subsidiaries in opposed countries are also considered on a large scale.Each regularity has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. (Eight Tech, 2009) The two countries that I have chosen to consider for operations of my company are Pakistan and India. Bothe the countries are located in the south of Asia and both have needs of similar kinds. Thus it go away be easy to compare the two with similar environment and similar consumer needs and patterns. There are numerous factors that affect directly and indirectly on the planning, designing, implementation and execution of marketing campaigns.At low gear these campaigns before execution need to be properly executed via going through the processes of market look for on both primary and secondary basis with defined leve l of monitory evaluation in order to prepare an international marketing strategy. Analyzing any international market we need to properly count on the variables of the respective market such as political environment economic environment social and pagan environment demographic and physical environment technological environment and legal environment.Below in the physical composition we will be discussing these factors in detail and how they affect the international market of India, which is our chosen country for exploring new markets. (Eight Tech, 2009) India India has transformed itself from a third world country to a study powerhouse which has now pass away a major attraction for foreign investment. This statement can be backed by the fact that India is the second most popular country for the foreign direct investment afterwards China. It is currently the quarter largest preservation of the world.Despite of the terrorism threat India is striving hard and has become one of t he most all-important(prenominal) innovators of the technology that will be required in the next part of the global economy. (Kamdar, 2007) India is a gigantic market with its population of more than 1. 2 billion as at 2008. The growth rate of the country has been immense as it has seen growth of around 7. 2% while the inflation rate has been pretty mellow for the year. Having said all this, one thing which is the irony of India is its destitution. In India 26% of the people in the urban areas are living down the stairs the pauperisation line while 28% is living below the poverty line in the rural areas.These statistics together forms up into a big number which may be a little important fact for a chain of retail outlet coming into India for run business. Where at one side high population growth of India makes India an attractive economy for any foreign business, at the other hand this has also been termed as the major cause of people living below the poverty line. (Indian F reedom Fighters, n. d. ) India also has issues relating to terrorism within it as various serious incidents have taken place in India that have harmed the economy very badly.A good example could be each a riot in Gujarat or the Mumbai attacks in India. To analyze the environmental conditions of India in a go against way, I would do a PEST compendium of India with context to the business operations of Tesco to give a very clear idea that whether India would be a good place or not. PEST analysis refers to the Political, Technological, Environmental and Social factors of the country. This is a way in which the environment could be analyzed in a better way as it incorporates the four major elements in an environment. Political SituationSimilar to many other countries, political factors in India also play a major role in the economy of India. India currently is supporting its local anaesthetic entrepreneurs in order to make sure that they dont flummox due to huge multinationals. Th ey are providing them with every sort of assistance to make sure that the small businessmen of India survive in front of the multinationals. (Luo, 2004) This can become a difficult situation for the international retailer as he would have to compete with huge powers handle Ambani group who have recently capable up a huge superstore called Star Bazaar, the local markets that are supported by the government.Other than that major concern is India is the political instability that is in India due to the terrorism activities in India. A lot of local religion based riots takes place in India and at times even major terrorism activities like bomb blast occurs over there. These might affect Tesco very badly as at times huge superstores are set to fire by the mob as it has already been done in the early(prenominal). Other than that poor political conditions in India would mean closure of the superstore due to the bad conditions which would affect the tax income badly.Even if the superst ore is not closed, low foot fall may also reduce the revenue and growth the average cost which would affect the net profit. Economic Situation Economic situation in India would be of very much importance to Tesco as it would directly influence its revenues. As even mentioned earlier, India is a very fast growing economy which has now became the second most popular place to invest after China.The GDP in 2009-2010 was around 7. 8%. The two factors that might serve as a drawback for Tesco are the inflation rates which were 16. 2 in January 2010 and the other is high poverty level in the urban India. The increasing inflation rate might increase the number of people falling within the poverty level in the urban areas where Tesco might want to locate itself. This would then reduce the number of customers for Tesco. India though is the second largest when it comes to population but the huge number of people living below the poverty line makes it difficult for such retailers to take advant age of the high population rate in India.Social / cultural EnvironmentThe biggest advantage of India is its youth population whose interest for leisure activities as shopping and others is increasing at a rate of 14% per annum. This would help Tesco a lot as there is a huge market in India that is open towards this trend of supermarkets. (Indian Retail Report, 2009) But a portion of the economy dormant consists of those individuals who prefer going to local bazaars due to low prices and their buying habits like negotiations etc. To get that market shifted towards the supermarket trend would be a difficult task.This would also require a shift in the overall culture of the economy where people have been buying things from local bazaars or the local grocery shops. (Hiscock, 2008) demographic and Physical Environment Fundamentals that best fits under this category of factor assessment include income and usance level with the measured percentage of spending, population size, developm ent, and distribution atmospheric conditions would affect the viability and sales of business raptus distances time zones and natural resources, etcetera.Technological Compatibility India is becoming a hub for innovation. It is famous for its fast paced innovation in all categories. Thus, it would add up to Tesco as it would get new and innovative technologies for managing supply chain and other related to important processes. Urban India is technological savvy and thus it is not difficult to integrate new technologies as people know how to operate it. Online shopping is not a new phenomenon for Indians as they have been doing it for past several years now. (Iyengar, 2007)New technologies can give them advantage in their logistics and they can even simulate the technologies that they have been using abroad as the people in India are very handy with new and different technology. The expectations of the Indian consumers are rising very fast thus the companies have to keep at pace w ith it and constantly get in new technologies in order to come up to the expectations of the consumer and in order to delight him the companies might even have to go a mile ahead for that. (The financial Express, 2009)

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Essay Example for Free

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy EssayThis look is a review of an article by Douglas C. Foyles Public Opinion and Foreign Policy elite Beliefs as a Mediating Variables. In addition, the latter part of this research rates the article and provides recommendations for make headway possible pedant contributions. Foyles research is foc utilize on the subject area of world opinion and its correlation and order to foreign constitution. The increasing interest of scholars about this subject depicted object has been immense and is widely acknowledged in recent scholarly contributions in recent times (Foyle 141). Thus, in this research, Foyle seeks to narrow down his focus on the correlation of the influence of world opinion to foreign indemnity and the elite beliefs of policy makers. This, in its context, establishes the beliefs of policy makers as the mediating variable that determines the possibilities of public opinion to influence foreign policies. Thesis Foyle argues th at the beliefs of stopping point makers on the matter of the influence of public opinion on foreign policies have an actual effect to decision make (141, 144, 164).The research elaborates on this by citing findings which suggest that the influence of public opinion may vary on a number of factors. The factors tally to Russet, includes some(prenominal) the decision time and the type of issue under favor (144). In its argument, the research regards decision makers as the top level policy makers, frequently cited in the contain as the leaders who are at the top of the hierarchy are likely to participate, and has final trust for the decision (144).Public opinion, however, are determined through various representatives such as editorial opinion, polls, letters, etc (144). Foyle cited V. O Keys definition of public opinion as those opinions held by private persons which governments find it discreet to heed. . Consistent with Keys perspective, Philip Powlick, relying on interviews with State Department and National Security Council (NSC) officials, discovered policy makers did vary in how they operationalized public opinion.He reported officials relied more often on the news media and pick out representatives as indicators of public opinion. They used mass opinion (such as polls and letters) to a lesser terminus and different elites and interest group activity least of all. (144) On the other hand, Foyle refers to beliefs as the perceptions of the policy makers on the sex appeal and importance of public opinion in influencing decisions in foreign policies (145). Furthermore, Holsti defines a belief ashes as the set of lenses through which information concerning the physical and social environment is received. Also, Vertzberger believes it usually include principles and oecumenical ideas on the nature of the social and physical environment that constitutes policymakers field of action (144). Logic In this light, the belief system is analyzed with a theor etical framework containing two dimensions normative beliefs and practical beliefs (141, 145). In this study, both concepts are utilized and measured as the logic which view ass Foyles argument. Normative beliefs measure the desirability of the public opinion to influence policies in the perspective of the policy maker.According to Foyle, this belief is composed of the sentiment of an individual on whether stimulant drug from public opinion is desirable or not in poignant foreign policy choices (145). On the other hand, practical beliefs measure the level of necessity of public accompaniment for a foreign policy to be successful (141). It presents the point of view of policy makers towards the idea of patronize from the public as to whether it is necessary or not for the success of a foreign policy.This logic further observes the correlation of elite beliefs and the influence of public opinion to foreign policy by using both the normative and practical beliefs as defining dime nsions in which forms four possible distinct belief systems deputy executor pragmatist, and guardian. (Foyle 145). These four systems are ideologies that illustrates an individuals take on both the desirability of public opinion in affecting foreign policies and the level of necessity of the public support.One of the these systems are the delegates who are defined as policy makers who believe public opinion is desirable in influencing foreign policies, and public support is necessary for the success of these policies (145). Executors, however, are defined as those who believe that public opinion is desirable, indeed input from others is acceptable but support is not necessary for the success of a policy (146). On the other hand, pragmatists are the ones who do not credit public opinion entirely but they consider public support as a necessity for a chosen policy (146).Lastly, guardians are the ones who block the connections of both the importance of public opinion and the requirem ent of a public support (147). These four systems are used as a tool to measure the classification of a policy maker in how it views the human relationship of the input of public opinion and choices on foreign policies. With all these components utilized as the logic of the study, Foyle believes that categorizing policy makers into these belief systems, and understanding their individual beliefs on the relationship of public input and foreign policies, would further base his arguments in this study.Also, this logic examines the feasibility of using normative and practical beliefs as a predictor of decision makers mien (147). Research Method The study uses qualitative content analysis to evaluate the interaction betwixt the beliefs and behaviors of policy makers. (147) Foyle employs extensive archival materials available on the beliefs and behavior of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and depositary of State John Foster Dulles. Foyle believes that a qualitative content analysis of Eisenhowers and Dulless normative and practical public opinion beliefs establishes them as pragmatists.Based on these beliefs, I outline predictions of decision-making behavior for these two individuals and compare these predictions with decisions made during the Chinese offshore islands crisis in September 1954. (147) There were several locomote taken to administer the collection of data and its evaluation. According to Foyle, beliefs can hardly be measured directly, thus it must be inferred from the data which, in this kind, should be retrieved from available statements by the policy makers being examined (148).In this light, the study examined public and private communications, public writings and speeches. These are found in several public sources and archives to come up with a clear characterization of the individuals beliefs (148). In addition, common chord types of data were used to consider elite beliefs on public opinion (1) private communication sooner and after taking office (2) public statements before taking office and (3) unprepared extemporaneous statements in office (149).Since there are reservations to the reliability of the qualitative content analysis, Foyle made use of two methods to overcompensate with this issue (149). Foyle ensures that the beliefs analyses are completed initially before the detailed examination of behavior are reported. This succession, according to Foyle, makes sure that there are no influences by the examination of behavior on the beliefs analysis. In addition, Foyle employ an external party to measure the validity of the analysis and to ensure that there are no unknowledgeable influence findings by that analyst (149).To determine the influence of beliefs to policy makers behavior, process develop and congruency testing were utilized (Foyle 150). The procedure starts with the identification of the predicted theoretical relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Thereafter, the outcomes of the observations between the dependent and independent variables are determined and examined in relation to the theorys predictions (150). Therefore, if the outcome is in accordance with the theory, there exists a relationship between the variables.

VBE value based education Essay Example for Free

VBE value based cultivation seeAbstractTo twenty-four hours in the era of competitiveness, learner seem to prefer their education based on what they could derive from it in their near future. No 1 gives it a choice that how could it be useful to the union and to the people around them-E realone is looking for the survival in the society.The main objective of the learners are to earn pecuniary benefits from their education, when such a mindset is prevailing in the minds of the learner, then w present are the values of VALUE orient EDUCATION ? In the present scenario everyone is walking on the trails left by someone , no one gives a thought of finding out their capabilities and deciding their road to success, which ultimately creates a havoc in ones life. This is clearly evident from the increasing rates of suicide in our society. One of the very common factors responsible for this is over pres for sure on students to get the high marks in their exams. It is for sure a very un healthy and unethical competition.It is not exactly limited to a school take aim education, several suicide cases happen even at top level academic institutions worldwide here the race is for getting employment. Everywhere we see the learners are indulged in winning the races, in this dieu of time totally have forgotten the basic objectives of our contemporary education. The contemporary system of education which stands on the pillars of social values, subject area values, ethical and aesthetic values like truth, goodness and beauty (Satyam , Shivam, Sundaram) are being eroded speedily. then to delay the time of erosion we need to inculcate the value oriented education in our societies. apprise Oriented Education is highly needed in our modern society because our lives have become much miserable. The quantity of education has considerably increased, but the quality has decreased. It is so because the number of educated people has reached at a high level, but murder, hatred, an d selfishness have spread out like wildfire everywhere. Institutions are opening day by day, but only few civilized people are produced.It is so because the Degrees are forthcoming for all, but the dignity has gone down. Therefore, we need Value Oriented Education which will not only improve the status of the society but also enhance the life of the learners. The central task of education is to implant a will and facility for eruditeness it should produce not learned but learning people. The truly human society is a learning society, where grandparents, parents, and children are studentstogether. Eric Hoffer

How to Motivate Student in Their Academic Essay Example for Free

How to Motivate Student in Their Academic EssayI. installationMotivation is the combination of desire, prises, and beliefs that drives you to take action. These three motivating factors are at the root of why spate act the way they do. Because they ultimately control imbeds, beliefs, and desires, it can influence motivations. This means, if you postulate something Copernican and assign value to it, you are more likely to do the work it takes to attain a certain goal. When motivation originates from an subjective source and combined with a practical goal and incident, the result of a good outcome or output are greatly increased. II. MAIN DISCUSSIONTo understand what motivates them, they need to know what is important to them. picture issues such as family, relationships, learning or school, grades, work, aspirations, achievement, m hotshoty, social causes, social life, following a dream, and many more. Students goals and desires originate from their values and belief s. Once they have made their personal list, they begin to think about how the items relate to one another. These issues and relationships are always alive inside of them. By becoming consciously aware of their selves, they can begin to modify, control and understand their selves. Judging the quality and depth of their motivation is important, because it is directly related to their commitment. Often students set about that they want a good academic outcome, nevertheless they cant seem to make it happen. Sometimes, this gap occurs when there is a clash between what they are striving for a good academic outcome/ detail and what they would rather be doing in following a dream. Its for values, beliefs, and desires to be in conflict, it is important to severalise when they are and act appropriately on this information.III. MY POINT OF VIEWOne of the keys to college victor is having a realistic view of strengths and weaknesses. Do an informal assessment of abilities. Reflect on what they have learned about themself in the past from classroom experiences, conversations with teachers and advisors, standardized tests, projects and activities, and outside activities. Consider specifically their reading, writing, oral communication, interpersonal, and analytic skills. An accurate and beneficial assessment of their abilities is essential. It prevents them from under-estimating or over-estimating their skills and directs toward attainable and appropriate goals.Having an accurate direction is important in maintaining motivation. Knowing what their value and desire, along with an assessment of their strengths and weaknesses, makes it possible to establish personal goals. Most students already have a intermingle of short-term and long-term goals in mind for themselves. Students often are aiming towards a particular test, project, class, grade point, degree, fine-tune program, professional school, or career. These are often complemented by other goals such as living a healthy lifestyle, maintaining personal integrity, volunteering, working, nurturing relationships, or growing as a person. It is not unusual for short-term goals to nourish long-term goals.IV. CONCLUSIONOnce I have set goals that match my beliefs, values and desires, I should be in position to act on them successfully. However, my motivation can be undermined if I flunk to consider my circumstances or if my circumstances change, but my goals dont. A goal whitethorn match my values that I want to earn a degree in Tourism and may be realistically set that I want to do it in 4 years when I began my academic journey, but may need modification and readjustment as time passes. If I earned grades lower than I anticipate to, I may need to lighten my course load or adjust my work and leisure time hours. A loss of interest might mean my need to explore other majors. Changes in relationships or family make-up can also introduce new constraints on my plan. Unfortunately, when circumstances change, students are often backward to make related adjustments in their self-expectations.In this case, I as a student rarely discharge up to the expectations, become frustrated, and lose motivation. However, motivation and performance can be maintained when personal circumstance is taken into. Students who are willing to redefine their goals to account for their changed circumstances can remain motivated and on the path to success. Motivation, goals, and circumstance are all related to success. I can increase the odds of my success by first, defining what is important to me, establishing goals based on these values, desires, and beliefs, and finally, tailoring my achievement expectations to match my circumstances. If I fail in any of these steps, I will undercut my motivation, fail to work up to my abilities, and diminish my chances of success.V. abstractBe realistic is setting your goals and always consider your circumstances. When goals arent realistic or when circumstances c onspire against you, it is important to adjust. A student who comes to college with the goal of expecting to earn a tourism degree in 4 years, but finds the work more difficult than he anticipated may need to adjust his time puke in order to achieve his goal. Likewise, if this same student found that he needed to work to prolong his college costs or took on greater family responsibilities, it might be similarly necessary for him to adjust his goals as well. When goals are realistic and match desires, you will be motivated. When youre motivated and work hard towards your goals, you will succeed. When you succeed, your motivation will grow, you will set new goals, and continue to achieve.

The Mexican Crisis Anticipation Essay Example for Free

The Mexican Crisis Anticipation EssayThe reading The Mexican Crisis Anticipation At Micro-Level deals with the return of crisis into Mexico and how it was waitd by the firms at the micro level through making adjustments into their great(p) structure. The writer(s) is of the view that the Mexico raw rapid economic growth during the period of late 1980s and early 1900s as the trade as well as financial liberalization has allowed the growth to take place at more sturdy pace.The Writer(s) has successfully demonstrated the fact that with the financial liberalization, the credit supply to the thrift increased the exposure of banks to potentially risky projects as imputable to availability of easy credit, the quality of credit was compromised for earning more and more as banks started to shift their focus to being more market oriented rather than risk oriented. However, as the political conflict in the country started to begin, the economy of the country started to feel the heat t oo as due to widening the external current account deficit as well as political imbalance forced economic conditions to take a U-turn as most of the economic indicators started to show adverse trends. The canonical assumptions of the writer(s) are based on the studies which indicated that the crisis was not anticipated by most of the economic entities such as policy makers, banks and economic analysts who often based their analysis on the macroeconomic transposes that took place during the period.However, most of the studies through with(p) so far on the issue dealt with the macroeconomic aspect of the crisis and failed to integrate the anticipating of crisis at the firm level. The writer(s) seek to fill that gap by focusing on the anticipation of the crisis at the micro level by the firm through changes into their capital structure to reflect the economic changes taking place within the economy. eon concluding the study, writer(s) argued that most of the firms did not anticip ate such economic downturn, and it was something unexpected for them.At the micro level, at that place were not so many changes to reflect the changing attitude of the firms to reflect more fully the frequent economic conditions therefore they did not try to change their capital structure. Three Questions One of the fundamental questions which contract to ask is whether the firm at micro level can anticipate such an economic change or not? Since Mexican economy was largely dependent upon the external flows therefore the reliance of the economy on the local firms was less.Further due to the size of the firms, it was practically impossible for such firms to typically mensurate the impacts of changing economic trends due to lack of expertise in predicting such a behavior. The nature of SMEs indicates that at their individual level, they are nothing more than the expertise and skill of their owners. Therefore, if the owners are not well cozy with the skill of assessing the change i n the economic variables than it becomes more difficult to determine whether the firms have the ability to anticipate such changes?Lastly, authors have completely failed to assess the anticipation of such an impact through variables other than capital structure. It may be difficult for firms to change their capital structure within short period of age given the fact that economic conditions were showing declining trends. Therefore, changing capital structure in such measure may have added to the overall risk of the firms.

Have Discount Retailers gone upmarket in the UK?

Have snub Retailers gone upmarket in the UK?Preliminary InformationWorking Title of Dissertation Have drop Retailers gone upmarket in the UK? If so, how and why?Research Question and aimTo investigate location of Aldi and Lidl gillyflowers in relation to income/social class of catchment area(compare 1991, 2001 and 2011 census selective information) to represent gillyflower strategy.Why would more than affluent family line patronize at hard discounters?Understand hard discounters non-locational strategy.IntroductionThe review aims to look at theoretic explanations of retailers change much(prenominal) as the Wheel of retail and the Conflict Theory. It so focuses on research studies which punctuate to understand consumers store choice decision and factors influencing it. Finally, it will briefly look at methods which are employ to understand retailers store decisions. All the sources are either books or peer-reviewed journal articles. accord the current publications ava ilable is master(prenominal) as it would back up support my research findings and improve my research methods based on other academics research.The around widely used model in explaining retail growth is the Wheel of Retailing created by McNair in 1958. The details of his work are mostly described in Hollander (1960) work. The model describes most retailer start as a low margin or focuses on low expenses such(prenominal) as the discount grocery retailers. Investment in facilities and table services increases, on that pointfore, leads to increasing cost and price with its ferocity on service which allows a higher profit margin. This leaves a gap for lower margin retailers to show the market which will shed light on traditional retailers vulnerable to competition. Hollander also identified the factors causing the changes which are watchfulness Deterioration, price competition and excess capacity in factories. The Retail life cycle is a confusable theory propose by Davidson et al (1976) cited in Levy et al (2005). It describes 4 stages of a retailer Introduction, harvesting, Maturity and decline. The focus is the profit level and the market share whereas the Wheel of Retailing focuses on the price-quality continuum. Sparks (1990) exercise study on Kwik Save provides an excellent case study on how it has progressed through the cycle with the image discount removed from their store in 1986 suggesting a move to the maturing stage. These cyclical theories are simple to understand and supportive examples can be comprise, however, Roth and Klein (1993) found that it is very difficult to test it with limited expense data and Brown (1991) criticise that it however considers price and quality and ignores other factors such as assortments and store size. Also, it assumes that there is only one path to retail growth, therefore alternative theories such as the Big nerve center (Levy et al, 2005) was developed. It considers some other(prenominal) path of de velopment through innovation targeting at a higher income market which then moves into the Big Middle to benefit from economies of scale and where there is the highest demand focusing on services.There are also non- cyclical theories. The conflict theory suggests competition is the main reason for changes in retailing. Stores can be classified as thesis which has higher margins and antithesis which exhaust a lower margin (such as discounters). oer time, a merger could occur which will lead to synthesis to reduce competition or increase price competition through introduction of value private labels (Burt and Sparks, 1994). Changes in the surround also throw out retail changes. Levy et al (2005) mentioned Dresseman s(1968) work which uses Darwins natural selection theory as an analogy for retail changes where only the fittest store will survive. Roth and Klein (1993) also identifies environmental factors such as demographics, regulation and demand kick upstairs retailers to adapt ot herwise they would be outcompeted.Overall, the theories suggest that retailer change due to a changing environment and try to avoid competition, especially price which is the focus of retailers who just joined the market.Consumers store choiceUnderstanding consumers obtain behaviour is important as it allows retailers to strategically plan their store location, format and the assortments. Therefore, this is an area which is widely researched. Fox and Sethuraman (2010) and Leszczyc et al (2004) provides a summary of consumers store choice and segmentation. There are three types of consumers price, service seekers and cheery-pickers. Price seekers are usually from lower income households who are more price conscious (Katsaras et al., 2001) and would travel to an routine low pricing (EDLP) stores which are usually cheaper, larger stores to do their main shopping. This includes the deep-discounters. For service seekers who usually are single household who have a higher income and time -deprived due to work commitments, they therefore value thingamabob store more which provides better services such as Tesco Express Shops. They are known as High/Low Price Store (Hilo) who offers discount by promotion. When doing a Multi-Purpose Trips, both groups will call in stores near shopping centres and would visit both types of stores. The final type of shopper is the cherry-pickers who go to different stores to look for the trump out deals, wherefore they would visit both types of stores and have a lot of time to do shopping nevertheless also has the lowest loyalty to a brand or store.Apart from price and convenience, assortment is another factor affecting store choice. Briesch et al (2009) found that it is the 3rd most important factor and it is metrical in Store Keeping Units (SKU). Generally, store size is used as a proxy for assortments hence EDLP stores usually has higher SKUs and are more attractive to customers who want choice. However, Broniarczyk et al (1998) study found that retailers could make significant reduction in SKUs and customers perception will remain the same. Briesch et al (2009) also concluded that only the number of brands and availability of favourite brands would affect store choice suggesting assortment could be less important than brands in consumers store choice decision.Brands can be separated into private labels and National brand. The UK is a uncommon market that the private labels are stronger than in continental Europe. For example, Tesco own private label has three grades Value, Finest, conventionality (Krafft and Mantrala, 2010) which is different from other countries where private labels are seen as low cost and quality(Burt, 2000) hence able to today compete with National Brand. In the same paper, he mentioned previous studies in the USA by Myers, 1967 found that there is no socio-stinting difference in choosing National or private brands but Liversey and Lennin (1978) found that more affluent and young n ation are more likely to take risks to buy new guinea pig brands than lower income people. Hence there is no clear consensus whether private and national brands are targeting different groups.During economic recession, people become more price orientated hence Hard-Discounters would be popular during the period as their price are 15-40% cheaper than traditional retailer (Lamey, 2014). According to Colla (1994) study, he found that 1/3 of people in the sample thinks that the quality in discounters is high due to the basic display hence shop from them. This means traditional retailer are not only competing with hard discounter on price but also on its quality which means after recession, these customers are very likely to be retained. Also, this shows different customer has different view on factors such as quality, therefore different lit provides a different view and there is no consensus on the most important factor.It is now graceful common for retailers to use models to help de cide where stores should be located. The three methods that will be discussed are Regression, GIS and spacial Interaction Model. Regression can be used to accurately predict how one factor affects another with known values. This allows understanding of the relative importance of each factor. Leszczyc and Timmermans (1997) work used regression to analyse variables such as income with repeated trips, store loyalty etc. using data collected from consumer.GIS can be used to help to understand store location decision by doing simple catchment area analysis. This involves drawing off a buffer of a certain travel time or blank on the platform to show how far people would travel to a store (Benoit and Clarke, 1997). Neighbourhood data could also be incorporated which will help to identify potential new site and analyse current store strategy of a retailer. However, this paper and Birkin et al (2002) raises issues of using the method. How should the buffer be defined and when the buffers overlap, how can we portion the number of consumers or revenue to each store? The second problem could be solved by using a spatial interaction model which according to Brown (1993), it considers the Trade-off between distance and attractiveness of alternative of shopping area. Hence revenue can be allocated according to the attractiveness (e.g. Floorspace) and its accessibility relative to another. This will improve the accuracy of the analysis.The literature review showed that a wide range of theories have been constructed to understand changes in retail and through research has been done on consumers behaviour and how they are analysed. However, more research is fluid needed in understanding customers perception of different store types as results still vary a lot. The review of the methods helped me to consider other methods to analyse the relationship between discount retailers and income and the store choice review would help me with the questionnaire design to understand consumer behaviour for discount retailers. Finally, the theory review would help explain the findings in GIS analysis.ReferencesBenoit, D. and Clarke, G.P. 1997. Assessing GIS for retail location planning. journal of retailing and consumer services. 4(4), pp.239-258.Birkin, M., Clarke, G.P. and Clarke, M. 2002. Retail Geography and intelligent web planning. Chichester Wiley.Briesch, R.A., Chintagunta, P.K. and Fox, E.J. 2009. How does assortment affect grocery store choice? Journal of merchandising Research. 46(2), pp.176-189.Broniarczyk, S.M., Hoyer, W.D. and McAlister, L. 1998. Consumers perceptions of the assortment offered in a grocery category The impact of item reduction. Journal of Marketing Research. pp.166-176.Brown, S. 1991. Variations on a marketing whodunit The wheel of retailing theory. Journal of Marketing Management. 7(2), pp.131-155.Brown, S. 1993. Retail location theory evolution and evaluation. international palingenesis of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Res earch. 3(2), pp.185-229.Burt, S. 2000. The strategic role of retail brands in British grocery retailing. European Journal of Marketing. 34(8), pp.875-890.Burt, S. and Sparks, L. 1994. geomorphological change in grocery retailing in Great Britain a discount reorientation? The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 4(2), pp.195-217.Colla, E. 1994. Discount development in france The introduction of the format and the competitive response. Journal of Marketing Management. 10(7), pp.645-654.Fox, E.J. and Sethuraman, R. 2010. Retail Competition. In Krafft, M. and Mantrala, M.K. eds. Retailing in the 21st century, current and early trends. Online.London Springer, pp.239-255. Accessed 19 March 2017. usable from https//www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9783540720034Hollander, S.C. 1960. The Wheel of Retailing. Journal of Marketing. 25(1), pp.37-42.Katsaras, N., Wolfson, P., Kinsey, J. and Senauer, B. 2001. Data mining A segmentation analysis of US grocery shoppers. St. Paul, MN The University of Minnesota, The Retail Food Industry Center, Working Paper. p01.Krafft, M. and Mantrala, M.K. 2010. Retailing in the 21st century current and future trends. Berlin Springer Verlag.Lamey, L. 2014. Hard economic times a dream for discounters. European Journal of Marketing. 48(3/4), pp.641-656.Leszczyc, P.T.P., Sinha, A. and Sahgal, A. 2004. The effect of multi-purpose shopping on pricing and location strategy for grocery stores. Journal of Retailing. 80(2), pp.85-99.Leszczyc, P.T.P. and Timmermans, H. 1997. Store-switching behavior. Marketing Letters. 8(2), pp.193-204.Levy, M., Grewal, D., Peterson, R.A. and Connolly, B. 2005. The concept of the Big Middle. Journal of Retailing. 81(2), pp.83-88.Roth, V.J. and Klein, S. 1993. A theory of retail change. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 3(2), pp.167-183.Sparks, L. 1990. Spatial-Structural Relationships in Retail Corporate Growth A Case-Study of Kwik Save Group P.L.C. T he Service Industries Journal. 10(1), pp.25-84.